This task given by Vaidehi ma'am Hariyani department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnager University.
#Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning:-
Tennyson is the poet of human nature in it's noble, common and loving forms, as Browning is the closest to what is complex, subtle and uncommon in human nature. Browning often renders the simple and the loving in human nature and such poem are among his among his masterpieces.
#Difference between Romantic era and Victorian era literary tedency :-
Romantic Poetry:-
- Romantic Poetry was produced during the reign of Queen Victoria.
-Romantic Poetry used themes such as of nature, pastoral life, medievalism, Hellenism, and supernaturalism.
-Romantic Poetry revered and admired nature.
-Romantic Poetry gave prominence to emotion, imagination and spontaneity.
Victorian poetry:-
-Victorian poetry was produced during the approximate period from1800 to 1850.
- Victorian poetry used medieval myths and legends as well as realistic issues such as the struggle between science and religion.
-Victorian poetry treated nature in more realistic and less idealized view.
-Victorian poetry gave more importance to intellectual and realism.
This task Thinking activity:Derrida & Deconstruction given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir Department of English Maharaj KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University. #Jacques Derrida:-
"As soon as there is language, generality has entered the scen."
Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) was the founder of "Deconstruction" a way of criticizing not only both literary and philosophical texts also political institutions.
# What is Deconstruction?
-It is a radical approach to reading
-This literary criticism is not fully developed
-The founder of deconstruction is Jacques Derrida
-Explained as a strategy "Rules for reading, interpretation and writing".
-"A close and critical reading of a thinking that conceptualisation of the world".
Let's see Deconstruction example in advertisement:-
Stop crackers on Diwali (Advertisement by big Bazar) published on 6Jul 2016
In this advertisement the woman and her son go to a shop and ask their children to take fireworks when their mother does not give them any reason and at that time she calls the boy a man and turns a paper how to sound like this is very surprised and delighted that he teaches his friends everyone around him the same way on Diwali day.
This work given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir Department of English Maharaj KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
This blog is the part of thinking activity on Structuralism. # What is Structuralism ?
Wundt was greatly emphasized on the study of components of consciousness, which is the supposed structure of our mind so, his approach to psychology is called as Structuralism .
Example:- An example of Structuralism is describing an apple. An apple is crisp, sweet, juicy, round and hard.
#What is the main concept of Structuralism?
In sociology, anthropology, and linguistics, Structuralism is the methodology that implies elements of human culture must be understood by way of their relationship to a broader, overarching system or structure. It works to uncover the structures that underlie all the things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel.
Differences:- Structuralism & Post Structuralism
# Structuralism:-
• It is Literary theory.
•It can be related it with text and make study of text.
•system of recurrent patterns or motifs.
•studied the underlying Structure.
# Post-structuralism:-
•post-structuralism is a response to Structuralism.
•The rejection of the self-sufficiency of the structures.
•Closely related to post-modernism.
•Argues that study of underlying Structure is reason of bias and misinterpretation.
•Study must be done on base of knowledge.
Generate also gave the concept of narratology. Mainly the five concepts were used by Generate in narrative discourse: An essay in method.
Duration:-
In see that to film, novel and serial in separation between at narration means there is discourse time and narrative time.
And find that to many serial came into time as past way and long time in discourse time, but a narrative to short time.
'Saath Nibhaana Sathiya' serial in narrated to story in only one week.
Voice:-
In novel, film and story in inside and outside in character narrated to story. In find that to narration of text from in..
Intra dietetic
Extra dietetic
Many of novel and film in narrator a character in the story
Hetero dietetic:-
Narrator is not a character in the story
E.g.Homer's 'The odyssey'
Mahabharata in 'samay'
Homo dietetic:-
Narrator is not a character in the story
E.g. 3idiots in 'Farhan'
Mood:-
Mood is depended on the 'Distance' and 'perspective' of the narrator, author and director.
This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of department of English Maharaj KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
# Northrop Frye:-
In his native Canada. Northrop Frye's intellectual stature made him something of a national oracle and celebrity. In the world of literary theory and criticism, he was also a formidable and revered figure. Herman Northrop Frye was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec, received his B.A from the University of Toronto in 1933. Studied theology there at Emmanuel college, and was ordained a minister in 1936.He received an M.A. from Merton college, Oxford,in 1940.
In literary criticism the term archetype denotes recurrent narrative designs, patterns of action, character-types, themes, and images which are identifiable in a wide variety of works of literature."
# His Books:-
Fearful Symmetry (1947)
Fables of Identity (1963)
The Modern Century(1967)
The Stubborn Structure (1970)
The Secular Scripture(1976)
The Great Code(1982) etc.
1.What is Archetypal criticism ? What does the archetypal critic do ? Archer "first" and typos "form"
•An archetype means " Original form"
•It refers to the universal symbols, theme, characters and images we find repeated throughout literature.
Example:- In Native American literature, Coyote is an archetype of the trickster.
Archetype or Mythological critics look for underlying, recurrent patterns in literature.
According to Carl Jung, these patterns are embedded deep in the "collective unconscious" and involve "racial memories" of situations, events, relationship from time immemorial.
2.What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of 'Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature ?
1) Spring (Comedy):-
Here Fry connected Spring with Comedy because Spring and Comedy both are symbols of something because new, birth, development, revival and resurrection and also symbolise dark to light, dry to greenness..etc.
2) Summer (Romance):-
Here talked about season of England notIndian . So Summer season denotes romance because generally we can saw people marriage in summer time. Another things is that culminations to triumph both these term. All are symbolize romance through summer season.
3)Autumn(Tragedy):-
Autumn season denotes tragedy and it is symbol of dying life. We can saw in autumn all leaves of tree fallen down and also tree became lifeless. Similarly hero fallen down and protagonist became tragic hero.
4) Winter (Satire & Irony):-
Winter is season of Darkness. We can saw in winter season is very coldest and days are also shorter and night are longer. Satire reflects the darkness of literature, It is disillusioned and mocking from of literature.
This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir Department of English Maharaj Krishna kumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
# Northrop Frye
•He was ordained to the ministry of the united church of Canada and studied at Oxford before returning to voft.
•One of the most recognized authors of literary criticism world -wide.
•Northrop Frye studied at both the university of Toronto and Oxford.
•Herman Northrop Frye was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist, considered one of the most influential of the 20th century.Click here
# His Books:-
Fearful Symmetry (1947)
Fables of Identity (1963)
The Modern Century(1967)
The Stubborn Structure (1970)
The Secular Scripture(1976)
The Great Code(1982) etc.
#Archetype of Literature
The Fables of identity. Studies in poetic Mythology is a critical work published in 1963. The present essay, "Archetypes of literature", is taken from the book. In the essay Frye critically analyses literature against the backdrop of rituals and myths. He interprets literature in the light of various rituals and myths.
• Archetypes are universal symbol.
Certain concept are also archetypes.
Archetype are the residue of innumerable experiences of the same type undergone by the Mind.
Same experience when repeated over centuries of a wins leave a trace or mark on the human mind.
The solar cycle,seasonal cycle and life cycle are such repetitive phenomena.
The Comic vision and the Tragic vision a myth
Both art and religion are alike and they aim at perfection. Perfection is the end of all human and in religion it is through visualization. Perfection can be achieved in Literary Criticism also and it is the archetypal critic who does it through an analysis of the comic vision of life and the Tragic vision as well in a work.
Dharma to religion
We have inherited the term religion from the Judeo-Christian tradition and applied it indiscriminately to different Indian philosophies, myths, rituals, and practices. But there is really no one term for religion in India. There never has been. The term dharma does not mean religion. It simply means duty.
Religion can be thought of as a set of institutions, a set of ideas and beliefs, or a lived practice all of which have complex relations with each other, and all of which are affected by and in turn affect literature. As a critical approach, literature and religion asks how these impulses compete, coordinate,or otherwise inform one another and other practices and traditions.
Like literature, religion is also,at least in part, a human creation.... Therefore, literature cannot be subjected to any alien norm, be it God or religion. Great literature might have religious elements, or it might not. There is no necessary relationship between literature and religion.
The Four Phase of the Myth
Every myth has a central significance and the narrative in a myth centers on a figure that may be a good or demi-god or superhuman being or legend.
1. The dawn, spring and birth phase. There are myths dealing with the birth of a hero, this revival and resurrection, defeat of the powers of darkness and death. Subordinate characters such as the father and the mother are introduced in the Myth. Such myth are the archetypes of romance and of rhapsodic poetry.
2.The Zenith, Summer and marriage or triumph phase, In this phase, there are myths of apotheosis, of sacred marriage and of entering into paradise. Subordinate characters in these myths are the companion and the bride. Such myths are the archetypes of comedy, pastoral and idyll.
3. The sunset, autumn and death phase
These are the Myths dealing with the fall of a hero, a dying god, violent death, sacrifice and the hero's isolation. The subordinate characters are the traitor and the siren. Such myth are the archetypes of tragedy and elegy.
4. The darkness, winter and desolation phase. There are myths dealing with the triumph of these BN powers. The myth of floods, the return of chaos and the defeat of the hero are examples of this phase. The ogre and the witch are the subordinate characters here and these Myth are the archetypes of satire.
These are the four categories of myths, which Frye identifies and they recur in different types of works written by different writers. Indeed they constitute the bases of many great pieces of literature.
This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir Department of English MKBU
Richards in full lvor Armstrong Richards he was English critic,poet,and teacher who was highly influential in developing a new way of reading poetry that led to the New Criticism and that also influenced some forms of reader.
Techniques and principles I. A. Richards was a devoted supporter of a close textual and verbal study and analysis of a work of art. His approach is pragmatic and empirical. His work is a milestone in the history of literary criticism regarding verbal and textual analysis, interpretation and evaluation.He says a poet writes to communicate, and language is the means of that communication. Language is made of words, and hence a study of words is all important if we are to understand the meaning of work of art.
Words carry four kinds of meaning, or to be more precise,the total meaning of a word depends upon four factors, These are
-Sense
-Feelings
-Tone
-Intention
#Sense:- something that is communicated by the plain literal meanings of the words.
#Feelings:- When we say something, we have a feeling about it, " emotions, attitudes, will, desire, pleasure, unpleased and the rest". Words express "these feelings, these nuances of interest".
#Tone:-The writers attitude to his readers which is a relation between them. The writer chooses his words and arranges them keeping in mind the kind of readers likely to read his work.
#Intention:-It has an object, it is the writer's aim which may be conscious or unconscious, It refer to the emphasis, shapes the arrangement, or draws attention to something of importance.
