Journalism# Feature writing# Lead writing

 Hello Readers,

Welcome to my blog !

This task given by Vaidehi ma'am Hariyani professor of department of English MKB university. This task related to On feature writing or Lead writing.

Let's see,

#Feature Writing

A feature is a longer piece of writing than a news story. Features come in many different types and are widely used in magazines, newspapers and online. A feature will often cover an issue in greater depth than a news story would do; or it might look at an ongoing story from a different angle.

Jerry M. Noveno

Instructions specialist  Philippines science high -Bicol Region campus Goa, camarines sur.

# Lead Writing

Used when the reason is more prominent or unique than what had happens.

Example: Because of poverty, around a hundred students dropped out from school last year. This was learned from PNU president Bolo L.

 #  Feature Writing & Lead writing:-

The best rule in feature writing is to observe no rules, aside from those of basic journalistic style and structure. The best lead for the feature story is a natural extension of the story- nothing forced or contrived without without consideration to the tone or subject of the story. More bluntly stated, the best lead is the lead that is relevant, grabs the reader's attention and fits the mood of the story.

The following are novelty leads. They should be used with caution and never forced to fit a story. When a novelty lead serves the purpose of grabbing the reader and holding his attention while establishing the tone of the story, it should be used without reservation.

Literary Allusion: Relates a person or event to some character or event in literature.

To have been ordered into battle to

attack a group of windmills with

horse and Lance would have

Seemed to Joe Robinson no more

Strange an assignment than the

One given to him Thursday by Miss

Vera Newton.

Thanks You.. 😊

Thinking activity On The Scarlet Letter

Hello Readers!

Welcome to my blog,

This task given by professor Heenaba Zala department of English MKB university.

About Author:-

The Scarlet Letter: A Romance is a work of historical fiction by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in 1850.[1] Set in Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter through an affair and then struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Containing a number of religious and historic allusions, the book explores themes of legalism, sin, and guilt.

About the Novel:-

It was a story of a woman by a man.we can see concept of woman.A social frame was used who has broken.There is a Hester named leading character.she was married yet she leaves alone because her husband goes away for few years.when she leaves alone she falls in love with ARTHUR DIMMESDALE and had a child,but dimmesdale don't accepted her in publically.so Hester has to suffers alot from society .she stands strongly against all problems.she cares her child alone.

For those unfamiliar with the story, it is set in 1640s Puritan Massachusetts. Hester Prynne is a resident of the colony. She is in a loveless marriage, and her husband may be lost at sea. She is shamed and vilified when she conceives a daughter, Pearl, through an extramarital affair. She is forced to ear a scarlet “A” on her clothing as a symbol of her sin.

Though Hester refuses to reveal the identity of Pearl’s father, the reader quickly learns that it is The Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, a respected member of the community. Though young, Dimmesdale is considered a learned theologian. When Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s much older husband, arrives in Massachusetts, very much alive, he keeps his identity secret to everyone except Hester and plots revenge. Suspecting that Dimmesdale is Pearl’s father, he befriends the minister in an elaborate attempt at retribution. As seven years pass, Pearl grows into an extraordinary child and Hester becomes more and more a free thinker.

There is so much going on in this book in terms of history, characters, plot, themes, etc. I could devote a series of blog posts to this work. As I often do, I am going to follow one particular path that I find to be interesting.

First, I want to write a few words about how I am approaching this novel in terms of history. Though Hawthorne was very interested in seventeenth century Puritan history, a Google search shows that there is still debate over the historical and ideological accuracy of the story. Though I think that this is a topic worthy topic of exploration, I will put that aside when talking about the novel in this post.  Generally, I would rather comment upon real Puritan society based upon history books anyway. Thus, I will consider the world that is talked depicted between these pages as fictional, regardless of how closely accurate it is or not.

Ironically, Hester is the most virtuous character in the book. However, her sin is not excused. She is remorseful for it. In fact, it is eventually revealed that she tries to show regret for it decades after the fact. Yet, she is surrounded by the hypocritical, the malicious and the cowardly whose flaws eclipse hers. The hypocrisy is illustrated by the fact that the text implies that all sorts of sexual and other indiscretions are going on in Massachusetts. Witches meet in the forest. Chillingworth is vengeful and malicious. Dimmesdale, though not without virtue, behaves with cowardice and allows Hester to suffer the scorn of society while he hides his indiscretion.

Though Hester is flawed, it seems that Hawthorne is illustrating what he believes is positive and good in the world when he points out the many admirable aspects to her nature. Hester takes responsibility for her actions, thinks for herself, is a good mother, etc. These virtues, as well as the wild naturalness that seems to be inherent in Pearl, seem to be related to the transcendental belief system, which was becoming popular in America at the time that this book was written. A discussion of Hester’s positive character traits, Pearl’s nature and how this all relates to the book’s philosophy can fill many pages.

The comparison between Hester and Dimmesdale is interesting. There is obvious irony when one compares the two. To the citizens of Massachusetts, there is a contrast. In their eyes, Hester is a sinful and guilty woman exposed to public shame. Dimmesdale is the upright and moral minister. He is respected and considered a great mind and a teacher. He is Hester’s minister and presumably provides her with spiritual guidance.

Conclusion :-

In the play both are equally part of this crime. But only Hester suffers. And Dimmesdale has a fear of society that's why he does not confesses his truth. And later on he realised his mistake and confesses his truth in front of society.

Technology and Teaching

 Hello Readers !

Welcome to my blog,

This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

1) Read blog link given in the description on the question on 'Can technology replace teacher?' - read that blog as well as FB post - and then write small write-up on 'What shall teachers do so that they are not replaceable by technology?" In the same post - also write about the last question. Submit the link of your blog here.

2) Keep points / notes ready on your reading of two infographics

3) How many and which advertisements are shown in the last video? What is the message of these ads? What is the message of the last video shown in it. What are your two 'take-aways' from this video?

" Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the kids working together and motivating term , the teacher is the most important".

- Bill Gates

Can technology replace teachers ?

It is a much known fact that in this modern age, technology is replacing almost everything. We do not need papers and pens, as software can be used to write on, we do not need physical book because of the advent of E- books and PDFs. So, the question arises- can this modern technology replace teachers too ? Is this technology sophisticated enough to teach children the way virtual teachers do? Is the need of human teachers eliminated ? 

Everyone has a different perception. But what I believe is that the answer to the above stated arguments is a big 'No'. Technology cannot replace a teacher. Technology is merely an augmentation to a teacher. It can help the process of learning, but it certainly cannot replace the role of the teacher.

1.Teacher  can discuss and  communicate with teacher.so it can be critical. 

2. They  have to connect the  dots for easy understanding 

" Absolutely. Technology can certainly help teachers to reach out to more students & reduce physical strain & save time for both of them, but there is no way technology can  replace teachers at anytime."

Technology can make it easy to get educated by sitting at home but that education too is provided by a teacher. Even in online courses, we see that teaches are necessary to give lectures, whether in the form of videos, tutorials, Skype sessions, etc. Children still need to learn computers to operate those online sessions, which of course are taught by teachers.

It is significant that we remember, a teacher is more than just a facilitator of knowledge. A teacher also acts as a guide, a mentor and an inspiration for students, a role that cannot be replaced by technology of any kind. Taking critical skills into account like decision making, time management etc, a child needs a teacher as the technology cannot teach these human skills.

" Technology will not replace great teachers but technology in the hands of great teachers can be transformationl.

                          - George Couros

Teacher  can easily teach through the use of it. It make  learning easy and also an interesting. Specially we saw  benefit of technology during this pandemic time and lock down. How technology helps us. Because of it works were not stop and mostly things were being  continued.

1) click here (video)

Technology in this video is useful to bring any illegal incident in front of anyone.

2) click here (video)

All the farmers are asked by phone what you have to do to build a shopping mall in the farm. Not all the farmers provide this. In this way the technology can be put to good use by asking everyone in a short time.

Thank you.

Thinking activity:- Black skin white mask

Introduction of  the writer:

“Colonialism is not satisfied merely holding a people in it’s grip and emptying the natives brains of all from and content. By a kind of perverted logic it turns to the past of the oppressed people and distorts disfigures and destroys it”

-       Frantz Fanon

Frantz Omar Fanon was born in 20th July, 1925 at Martinique (French colonial empire). He was Afro – Caribbean psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary and  the French writer whose works are influential in the field of post – colonial studies and Marxism. Fanon is best known for the classic on decolonization. Although Fanon wrote Black Skin, White Mask while still in France, most of his work was written in North Africa.

HIS CONTRIBUTION IN LITERATURE AND CRITICISM ARE,-

1)    Black skin white mask - 1952

2)    A dying colonialism - 1959

3)    Wretched of the earth - 1961

4)    Towards the African revolution – 1964

INTRODUCTION OF “BLACK SKIN WHITE MASK”:-

The story “Black skin white mask” is from is from Frantz Fanon’s “Black skin white mask” Fanon analysis how the black person feel in a white world they lose the originality of their native culture and embrace imperial culture. Marechera’s story is about the controversy between two students who are caught between local and imperial cultures.

ABOUT THE BOOK BLACK SKIN WHITE MASK:

“Black Skin White Mask” is a book about the mindset of psychology of racism. The book is his doctoral thesis, Fanon wrote to get his degree in psychiatry. This book is worth reading since Fanon’s understanding of White French racism in early 1950 and it can also helps to understand White American racism in the 2010s.

Black skin white mask is a study of the psychology of racism and dehumanization inherent to colonial domination. Fanon describes that Black people experience in the white world. Fanon talks about, self – perception of the Black subject who was has lost his native cultural origin, and embraced the culture of the mother country. He also talks about the inferiority complex in the mind of the Black subject.

The book looks at what goes through the minds of blacks and whites under the condition of white rule and the strange effects of that in black people. The black man trapped in his blackness, the white man in his whiteness, both trapped into their mutual and aggressive narcissism. 

“There are too many idiots in this world. And having said it, I have the burden of proving it”

 -   Fanon, Black skin, White masks.

1 “The Black man and Language”

This chapter deals with the language of white people. The Language of White people is in centre, and Language of Black people is in periphery. Black people have to learn the language of White people.

Language construct the idea of Civilized or uncivilized. If you do not learn the white man’s language perfectly, you are unintelligent. Yet if you do learn it perfectly, you have washed your brain in their universe of racist ideas. That if a black person does not learn the white man’s language perfectly, he is unintelligent. Yet if he does tern it perfectly, he has washed his brain in the world of racial Ideology.  It shows that language of White people is in power position and Language of Black people has lesser importance

Thus, the language of White people in centre and the Black people don’t learn it they do not get enough values in society of that time. So, Black people have to learn the language of White people.

2. ‘The Woman of color and The ‘Whiteman’.

The idea of blackness, the mind set of people is like this “I loved him because he had blue eyes, blond hair, and a light skin”.  The Mulato, Mulato is a kind of a race which is not black and white. 

I want to be recognize not as black, but as white

The effect of white people also touched to the society. Black Woman also wished the White Skin which White woman has.  How desire of “WHITENESS’ is more in the Black woman. Because of that many ‘FAIRNESS CREAM’ and their industries grow faster and faster.  

 3. The Man of Color and the White Woman

The author in this chapter talks about the condition of Block men. He says that these men want to be white too. That people of color have a deep desire for white rule, that those who oppose it to do not have a secure sense of self that they have a chip on their shoulder.

White people have rules over Black people and they have shaped that idea that whiteness is symbol of Goodness.

‘Out of the blackest part of my soul, across the zebra striping of my mind, surges this desire to be suddenly white.’

4. The So-called Dependency Complex of the colonized peoples:

In this chapter writer argues against Fanon’s view that people of color have a deep desire for white rule, that those who oppose it to do not have a secure sense of self that they have a chip on their shoulder. From this chapter I came to understand that the stereotypes of Happy Darkies, Uppity Negroes and White Saviors all come from the need of white people to feel that their power in society is good and not racist.

5. The fact of Blackness

( Fanon: The Lived Experience of the Black Man )

In this chapter Fanon argues about his own fact of Blackness and his struggle he endured such the psychologically alientaly effects of colonialism and racism. Fanon was a Martinican psychiatrist but in the White society, “He is seen not as Dr. Fanon but as Black man”. In this racist society, Fanon argues, Black people “experience being through others”.

  “Dirty nigger!” Or simply, “Look, a Negro!”

6. The Negro and Psychopathology

 In this chapter writer ask question to reader that, Why should people fear black? Question asked here. Part it has to do with white men’s repressed homosexuality and their strange hang-ups about black men’s penises. More generally, black men are viewed as a body, which makes them seem like mindless, violent sexual, animal beings. Add to that all the bad meanings that the word “black” had even before Europeans set foot in black Africa.

7. The Negro and Recognition

Section-A “The Negro and Adler”

In this section fanon applies Adler’s personality theory to the ‘Antillean Negro’, How Antillean Negro act towards each other. Fanon says, that “The question is always whether he is less intelligent than I, blacker than I, less respectable than I”. The “question of value” that plagues the neurotic Antillean Negro is historically constructed and has arisen out of colonialism.

In this chapter Fanon also talks about the role colonial education. “It is because the Negro belongs to an “inferior” race that he seeks to be like the superior race”. The pattern of the white man.

Section –B “The Negro and the Hegel”

`        In the second section Fanon applies Hegel’s Master- Slave dialectic. The ‘Hegelian dialectic’ offers, Fanon argues, an explanation of what distinguishes “human reality” from “natural reality”.

“Man is human only to the extent to which he tries to impose his existence on another man in order to be recognized by him”

8. Way of conclusion

This final chapter discuses the escaping the prison of one’s past and one’s race.“The negro is not: Any more than the White Man”. In Fanon’s words, his writing “Exposes an utterly naked declivity where an authentic upheaval can be born”

Conclusion :-

Thus, black skin and white Mask is remain Important work to give voice to the problems of racial discrimination to black people. It attacks the notion white superiority. Black people   have desire to became white. Because being white is means superior. So they have desire to became white. And even Mulatto, mixed race people finds problem in matching with either white or black people. They feel superior among black and inferior among white people. So it gives voice to such issues of society.

Works Cited:

http://abagond.wordpress.com/2011/08/16/frantz-fanon-black-skin-white-masks/  

3.  http://weblog.liberatormagazine.com/2009/11/finger-on-page-frantz-fanons-black-skin.html#.VDv-D_nKtaA

Thinking Activity: A Tempest: Aime Cesaire

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Welcome to my blog,

This article contends that Aimé Césaire’s Une tempête (an anti-colonialist adaptation of The Tempest), epitomizes translation as interpretation and creative revision. With a striking fidelity to Shakespeare’s play, Césaire engages with the racial and class conflicts intrinsic to The Tempest and gives voice to the occluded colonized and oppressed. Une tempête stands out as a translation through time (the era of black civil rights and African liberation movements), and space (creatively refashioning Shakespearean references into a francophone Caribbean location).

The Tempest is considered as his last writing. And also we come to know that the play was quite different from what normally Shakespearean play is.  Atlast in the play we can find the character of a prospero who forgives his brother and also a very significant scene when he was breaking his magic stick. Through that is the different types of play by Shakespeare. We can see the tempest as the play of reconciliation.  It was also a very disturbing play in postcoloniality.

The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies is the official publication of the Group for Early Modern Cultural Studies and regularly publishes articles and reviews on the cultural history of the early modern period, broadly defined. It provides a venue for exchange between scholars in such traditionally diverse fields as sociology and anthropology; history, economics, and political science; philology and literary criticism; art history and iconology; and African, American, European, and Asian studies. By extending its boundaries in the direction of cultural theory, gender studies, colonial and postcolonial studies, and postmodernism, JEMCS challenges the boundaries that separate such traditional scholarly disciplines while also bringing those disciplines into contact with each other.

This meeting however is meant to reconcile their differences and bring his plan to a close. Alonso restores Prospero's dukedom during their meeting and in turn learns of his son's survival and betrothal to Miranda. He more or less calls out Antonio for the traitor that he is but forgives him nonetheless. The play itself ends with Prospero appealing to the audience to release him from the island through applause. Aime Cesaire's A Tempest is a politicized take on Shakespeare's play created during the late sixties, a time of great social change. It is really a "post-colonial response to The Tempest" and as such deals much more with the story from the point of view of Caliban and Ariel. In this version Caliban is a black slave and the spirit Ariel is represented as a mulatto slave. This version more or less follows the same story however there are other differences from the play which influenced it. The dialogue on Caliban's part is much harsher and more frequent. In saying "I'll impale you! And on a stake that you've sharpened yourself! You'll have impaled yourself!” Caliban's aggression and hate towards Prospero is a bit more evident. There are clear lines drawn between characters based on race and even the formerly neutral Gonzalo is condescending towards what he views as a rebellious Caliban obviously in need of Christianity. Caliban's race and subsequent treatment as a result of is quite obvious and the same with Ariel in his role as the willing servant. Better treated but still a captive, Cesaire's decision to make him a mulatto slave was probably an obvious one as they are traditionally viewed as better treated.

That’s make our idea clear of colonization and with the concept of superiority. However, this play is substance of discussion. And Aime Cesaire give impact on the play and as flourishing the play he explaining with expanding his idea or realism too. After all by looking all the perspective and give nutshell views my attempt of this paper is justified.

Works Cited :-

Cesaire, Aime. A Tempest. Trans. Richard Miller. une Ternpêteby Editions du seuil, paris, France, n.d.

"Books and Writers." kirjasto. <http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/cesaire.htm>.