Cultural and Anarchy: Thinking Activity

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 This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of department of English Maharaj KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

# Cultural and Anarchy (1869)
-Matthew Arnold
 Cultural and Anarchy is a series of periodical essays by Matthew Arnold, first published in Cornhill Magazine 1867-68 and collected as a book in 1869. The preface was added in 1875.
Arnold's famous piece of writing on Cultural established his High Victorian Cultural agenda which remained dominant in debate from the 1860s until the 1950s.

# Cultural and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold

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        Map of construction of  Cultural types of Anarchy

Critique	Key point	How I understand it ?
Culture	Study of parathion Harmonium expansion & human culities.	Culture asking to be entrusted with power and indeed, I have freely said, that in my opinion the speech most proper, at present, for a man of culture to make to a body of his fellow-countrymen who get him into a committee- room, is Socrates's: know thyself! and this is not a speech to be made by men  wanting to be entrusted with power.
Sweetness and Light	Sweetness is moral righteousness and right means is intellectual power and truth.	"The first motive which ought to impel us to study is the desire to augment the excellence of our nature, and to render an  intelligent being yet more intelligent."This is the true ground to assign for the genuine scientific passion , however manifested, and for Culture, viewed simply as a fruit of this passion; and it is a worthy ground, even though we let term curiosity stand to describe it.
Doing as one Likes Anarchy	Liberty, and freedom.	Sometimes liberty is differentiated from freedom by using the word "freedom" primarily, if not exclusively, to mean the ability to do as one wills and what one has the power to do; and using the word" liberty" to mean the absence of arbitrary restraints, taking into account the rights of all involved.
Barbarians,Philistines, populace	Privileged Mony minded lower class people Tradition, firmness.	This is the hard working class. They are different than the two other group. We can find that they are orthodox They believe in old rule and rituals, also people of this group not accept new thing and change easily it takes time.
Hebraism and Hellenism	The very language which they both of them use in schooling us to reach this aim is often identical.	Even when their language indicates by variation, somethings a broad variation , often a but slight and subtle variation- the different courses of thought which are uppermost in each discipline, even then the unity of the final end  and aim is still apparent.
Porro Unum est Necessarium	The isolated preponderance of its intellectual impulses.	Knew not God, or the true order of things, it is yet necessary, also,to set up a sort of converse to this proposition, and to say likewise that the world by puritanism knew not God.
Our Liberal practitioners	Our Liberal friends assure us, at the very top of their voices.	That their present actual operation  for the disestablishment of the lrise Church is fruitful and solid.

Thinking Activity: Technoculture, speed and slow Movement

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This task Thinking Activity :Technoculture,speed and slow moment given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of department of English Maharaj KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

Risk theory for Cultural studies reveals the extent that society/ culture thrives on risk, providing information about risk potential, possible solutions and so on. Risk theory reflects on the psycho-Social impact of Technoculture where cultural responses to new devices are based upon an awareness that they create new risks.

# Ulrich Beck and the Risk society:-

The slow movement ( sometimes capitalised slow movement or slow movement) advocates a cultural shift towers slowing down life's pace. "It is a cultural Revolution against the notion that faster is always better. The slow philosophy is not about doing everything at a snail' s pace.

Slow living 201: A deep dive into slow living & The slow movement

The history of slow living

There seems be a worldwide consensus that everything started in 1986 when Carlo petrini protested against the opening of a McDonald's in Rome my one-year old self would have been right there with you Carlo.
This moment would make the beginning. A few years later, the international slow food moment was officially founded.


Some people have reverse- engineered Slow as an acronym: Sustainable, Local , Organic, and Whole. While some of these principles apply to other aspects of slow living, it's certainly most applicable to slow food with its emphasis on quality ingredients, sustainability, and local production and consumption .The people in the Blue Zones who live the longest on Earth would approve.

The has always been track for contesting the notion that faster is better a countercurrent for slow. Thoreau going to Walden pond, Nietzsche talking about too much speed, much speed, Bertrand Russell, the hippies Then in the eighties the slow food movement came along and took back the word 'slow' which has become a four letter word in our Culture, and said fast food was detrimental. They were focused on food, but since then that slow moniker or tag has become a global shorthand for a better, more balanced way of doing everything. - Carl Honore


The Slow movement Today

The ever-expanding slow movement goes way beyond slow living and slow food today. There's now a slow version of almost anything you can think up: slow money, slow parenting, slow education, slow reading, slow design, slow architecture, slow medicine, slow science, slow gardening, and even slow religion.


The Slow movement advoc ates a cultural shift toward slowing down life's pace.- Wikipedia slow movement.


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Thinking Activity: Digital Humanities

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This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of Department of English Maharaj KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

1)Difine Digital Humanities?

"The digital humanities is an area of research of computing and the Intersection of computing and the disciplines of the humanities".

The term"digital humanities" has been evolving for several decades and often describes the application and/or development of digital tools and resources to enable researchers to address questions and perform new types of analyses in the humanities disciplines. This paper focuses on how to support humanists and provide them with tools to conduct DH research.

2) What is it doing in English Department? Write any three reasons out of six given in the article by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum.

Returning to the linguistic  discussion, on the other hand, in the term 'Digital humanities' the digital features as an adjective for the Humanities, a means according to which the humanistic agenda is carried out. So when John Unsworth suggested that Blackwell' s book should be called not "A companion to Humanities' computing' not companion to Digitized Humanities'' but instead " Companion to Digital Humanities he probably wanted to appeal to an audience of humanists operating with digital tools. In this formulation, the core humanistic values, such as inquiry, critical thinking, debate,  pluralism and critique, lie at the heart of the field.

According to Matthias Kirschenbaum, digital humanities is better understood as a common methodological outlook than as specific sets of texts or technologies. In a similar vein. Todd Present considers that digital humanities is " an umbrella term for a wide array of practices for creating, applying, interpreting, interrogating and hacking both new and old information technologies", 13 so much, that Kathleen Fitzpatrick was led to ask: " Digital Humanities- singular or plural?"14 some scholars describe two waves of digital humanities work.

3) Can it help in study/research of regional literature written in local languages (i.e. Hindi, Sanskrit, Gujarati,Marathi,Tamil, Telugu etc) as it helps in the study of literature in English?

The earliest Indian literature took the form of the canonical Hindu sacred writings. Known as the Veda. Which were written in Sanskrit. To the Veda were added prose commentaries such as the Brahmanas and the Upanishads. The production of Sanskrit Literature extended from about 1500 BCE to about 1000 CE and reached its height of development in the 1st to 7th centuries CE. In addition to sacred and Philosophical writings, such genres as erotic and devotional lyrics, court poetry, plays, and narrative folktales emerged.

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Thinking activity: Unit3 : Cultural studies practice: Hamlet and To His Coy Mistress

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This task Culture studies in practice: Hamlet and To His Coy Mistress  given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of Department of English.

1) If these two characters were marginalized in Hamlet, they are even more so in Stoppard's handling. If Shakespeare marginalized the powerless in his own version of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Stoppard has marginalized us all in an era when - in the eyes of some-all of us are caught up in forces beyond our control

Let us now approach Shakespeare's Hamlet with a view to seeing power in its cultural context.
Shortly after the play within the play, Claudius is talking privately with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet's fellow students from Wittenberg. In response to Claudius's plan to send Hamlet to England, Rosencrantz delivers a speech that-if read out of context- is both an excellent set of metaphors and a summation of the Elizabethan concept of the role and power of kingship.

Thinking activity:- cultural studies in practice: Frankenstein & writer's market

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Welcome to my blog,

 This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of department of English. Maharaj KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

1) Frankenstein in contemporary Indian culture ?

Frankenstein has surfaced in hundreds of television adaptation, including  Night Gallery, the Addams family, The Munsters, star Trek: The Next Generation, Scooby-Doo, Frankenstein Jr.and the Impossible,Alvin and the Chipmunks, The Simpsons, Wishbone, and so on. Notable television Creatures have included No Svenson ,Randy Quais, David Warner, and Ian Holm. 

2) Any popular artist / writer & his market (material condition)?
                                      

Famous works:-

"Five point someone"
"One Night at the call center"
"2 states : The  story of my marriage"
"The 3 mistakes of my life"
                                               
Popular writer:-
Chetan Bhagat know who he is writing for. His audience is not the reader who has been reading for years and know the kind of books he prefers or doesn't who already has favourite author or authors or who can  distinguish between a Mills & Boon and a Penguin classic. Bhagat does not write for them. He writes for an aspirational middle class for whom English is a distant second language. And he marked no bones about that fact; Bhagat never claimed to be Naipaul. When you are this clear about the market you are selling to, you usually cannot go wrong. And he doesn't. His books are not high literature, but they are perfect for the people he is selling to.

#TYEB MEHTA

Lifespan : July 25, 1925-July 2, 2009
A painter, sculptor and film-maker, Tyeb Mehta was part of the progressive Artists' Group in Mumbai . Here, he interested with many artists who would later be renowned like S.H. Raja and M.F. Husain  The PAG moved away from the nationalist Bengal school and instead borrowed heavily in style from Western Modernism. Mehta moved to London in 1959 and he staved there till 1964, after which he visited the New York City. During his time in London, Mehta was influenced by the gruesome distortion of famous British artist Francis Bacon; while in New York, his work came to be characterized by Minimalism. Later, in the 1970s and 1980s, he turned Indian themes and subjects. In 2007, Tyeb Mehta was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian honor in India.

Masterpiece:Kali(1989)
               

Other famous work:-
Mahishasura(1997)
Untitled (Lovers, 1974)

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Thinking Activity: Cultural studies 2: Five Types of cultural studies

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This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of department of English Maharaj KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

1) Your understanding of British Cultural Materialism, in your own words ?

    Cultural materialism began in earnest in the 1950 with the work of F.R. Leavis heavily influenced by Matthew Arnold's analyses of bourgeois culture. Cultural studies is referred to as "Cultural Materialism" in Britain , and it has a long tradition. Popular Cultural -T.V. , Films, stage. Mutrial is not cultural.

British cultural studies:-

Two Trajectories:-

1) present past

2) Future socialist utopia

2) What is contribution of Michel Foucault in new historicism ?
                                

Michel Foucault-' power & knowledge' -know, I know, we know, other know. Michel Foucault says power. Foucault's concept of power. Greenblatt and Foucault both worked at Berkeley in the 1970. So , probably, it was there that two 'atomic' particles' in the' universal' of cultural studies collided and thus produced a' new historicism' or 'the poetics of culture'.

3)How can new historicists help in answering the questions raised against Laputa episode in Gulliver's Travels?

                                  

 Laputa-"the whore." What did Jonathan Swift mean when he gave that name to the flying island in the third voyage of Gulliver's Travels? It is a question that has tantalized readers since the eighteenth century. The science fiction aspect of that Island Still amuses us, but why "the whore"? There may be an answer, and as we will show later, new historicism is the right approach to answer this question.

4) Exemplify four types of analyses of popular culture. Apply it on popular artefacts?

Production analysis asks the following kinds of questions: Who owns the media? Who creates texts and why? Under what constraints? How democratic or elitist is the production of popular culture? What about works written only for money? Textual analysis examines how specific works of popular culture create meanings Audience analysis asks how different groups of popular culture consumers, or users, make similar or different sense of the same texts Historical analysis investigates how these other three dimensions change over time.

1)production analysis

2) Textual  analysis

3) Audience analysis

4) Historical analysis

There are four main types of popular culture analyses: production analysis, textual analysis,audience analysis, and historical analysis. These analyses seek to get beneath the surface (denotative) meanings and examine more implicit( connotative) social meanings. These approaches view culture as a narrative story-telling process in which particular texts or  cultural artifacts consciously or unconsciously link themselves to larger stories at play in the society.

5) Difference between modernism  and postmodernism. If possible, give example also?

Modernism began in the 1890s and lasted till about 1945. Postmodernism began after the second world war. Especially after 1968. Modernism was based on using rational , logical means to gain knowledge while postmodernism denied the application of logical thinking. Rather, the thinking during the postmodern era was based on unscientific, irrational thought process, as a reaction to modernism. A hierarchical and organized and determinate nature of knowledge characterized modernism. But post modernism was based on anarchical, non-totalized and indeterminate state of knowledge. Modernist approach was objective, theoretical and analyticalcal while the postmodernism approach was based on belief. The fundamental difference between modernism and postmodernism search of an abstract truth of life while postmodernism thinkers believe that there is no universal truth, abstract or otherwise.    

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Feminism:Elaine showater and Gayatri spivak

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This task  Feminism:Elaine showater and Gayatri spivak given by Dilip Barad sir head of department of English Maharaja KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

1)Spivak's concept of subaltern:-

2)Showlter and Gayatri spivak's views on feminism:-

                 

Gayatri Chakravorty spivak

                  

Gayatri spivak talks about the trajectory of the subaltern in her work. Gayatri Chakravorty spivak (born 24 February 1942) is an  Indian literature theorist, philosopher and university professor at Columbia university, where she is a founding member of the school's institute for comparative literature and society.

     

                       

"Can the subaltern speak"(1988)

Marginalised grouis have no "voice".

"My position is generally a reactive one. I am viewed by Marxists as too codic, by feminists as too male identified, by indigenous theorists as too committed to western theory. I am uneasily pleased about this."

Gayatri Chakravorty spivak is the translator of Jacques Derrida's De la Grammatologie. She introduced deconstructive critical strategies into cultural studies, especially feminism. Deconstruction underlines the inherent capacity of the language to suggest 'supplementary' or excess semantic associations.

                         

Thinking activity:- Cultural study

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Welcome to my blog,

This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of department of English Maharaj Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnager University.

  1)What is Culture ?

Culture is the total Culture way of life of particular group of people. It includes everything that a group of people thinks, says, does and makes it's systems, attitudes and feelings. Culture is learned and transmitted from generation to generation. Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people encompassing language, religion,cuisine, social habits,music and arts.

                      

The word "Culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin " Colere" which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture. 

Culture according  to people

               

The elements of Culture

                  

There are five basics elements of Culture:-

Symbols

Language

Beliefs

Values

Norms

2)  What is Culture study

Cultural studies is the study of how a society creates and shares meaning.

Cultural studies is concerned with all those practices, institutions and systems of classification through which there are inculcated in a population particular values, beliefs, competetencies, routines of life and habitual forms of conduct.

3)Four goals of Cultural study

Cultural studies appoaches generally share four goals.

First:- Cultural studies transcend the confines of a particular discipline such as literary criticism or history.


Second:-Cultural  studies is politically engaged.

Third:- Cultural studies denies the separation of "high" and "low" or elite and popular culture.

Forth:-Cultural studies analyzed not only the cultural work but also the means of production.

 Four goal of cultural studies.

Power at  the center of  Cultural study

Definition:-

'power is the ability to make others do what you would have them do'

Examples:- Family, workplace, Relationship.

First of all, let us understand 'Power'

This video help us understand when power comes from, how it is exercise and how can one read and power.

• Six sources of civicpower

1)Physical force
2)wealth
3)State action
4)Social norms
5)Ideas
6) Numbers

• Three Laws of power

 1)Power is never static
2)power is like water
3)Power compouns:-
•powerless
•power

-what we can do ? Read power and write  about power.
-pro-Social and Anti-Social.
-power +character great citizen.

Symbol of power 
      

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Ecocriticism & Ecofeminism

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Welcome to my blog,

This blog Ecocriticism & Ecofeminism given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir head of department of English.

# Ecocriticism:-

Ecocriticism is a study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment.

Just as feminism criticism examines language and literature from a gender conscious perspective, and Marxist criticism brings an awareness of modes of production and economic class to it's reading of texts, eco-criticism takes an earth centered approach to literary studies.

                                 

# Ecofeminism:-

Ecofeminism theory asserts that a feminist perspective of ecology does not place woman in the dominant position of power but rather calls for an egalitarian, collaborative society in  which there is no one dominant group Ecofeminism emphasizes that both women and nature must be respected.