15 March 2020

Thinking Activity:- Views on marriage

Hello Readers!
Welcome to my blog,

This task given by Dr. Heena ma'am Zala professor of Department of English. Maharaj Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University. This task related 'Sense and Sensibility' novel's views on marriage system. 

She's given task what is marriage views of another people ?  let see...

                                     

👉Miss. Nikita Rathod


Marriage is a important in both person's life. Both are equally important in this relationship. In this relationship trust and understanding is very important. Marriage is a new beginning for both the person that's why passion is necessary.

 ðŸ‘‰Mr.Rushi Gondaliya  



āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠŪ āŠ āŠāŠ• āŠ°ેāŠ–ાāŠĻા āŠŽંāŠĻે āŠ›ેāŠĄાāŠĻા āŠ…ંāŠĪિāŠŪ āŠŽિંāŠĶુāŠ“ āŠ›ે.āŠ† āŠŽંāŠĻે āŠŽિંāŠĶુāŠ“āŠĻે āŠœોāŠĄાāŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŦ§āŦŪāŦĶāŠĄીāŠ—્āŠ°ીāŠ āŠĩāŠģāŠĩું āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે.āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠāŠ• āŠāŠĩી  āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•્āŠ°િāŠŊા āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠŽāŠĻે āŠŽિંāŠĶુāŠ“ āŦŊāŦĶāŠĄીāŠ—્āŠ°ીāŠ āŠŠāŠđોāŠšāŠĪાં āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠđાંāŠŦી āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે.āŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠŪ āŠœ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠĩાāŠļ્āŠĪāŠĩિāŠ•āŠĪાāŠĻી āŠļāŠŠાāŠŸી āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ° āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠĪāŠ°āŠŦāŠĄીāŠŊા āŠŪાāŠ°ે āŠ›ે.āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠ āŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠŪ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸેāŠĻું āŠĻāŠđીં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠŪāŠĻે āŠŸāŠ•ાāŠĩી āŠ°ાāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĻું āŠŽંāŠ§āŠĻ āŠ›ે.

-āŠ•ોāŠŪāŠ°્āŠļāŠĻો āŠ•āŠ•્āŠ•ો😂

👉Mr.Vishal Kapdi




Marriage is a holy union of couples made in heaven which needs to be realized on earth.
Marriage ideally occurs when two individuals know each other, respect and cherish each other, and love each other . Marriages are partnerships of compassion, love and communication. ... Marriage is a relationship between two people who promise to love and care for each other for life.😇

👉Mr.Hitesh Jadav

                     

                         āŠē:-āŠēāŠ—ાāŠĪાāŠ°
                        āŠ—:-āŠ—ીāŠĪ āŠ—ાāŠĪું
                        āŠĻ:-āŠĻાāŠšāŠĪું āŠŊુāŠ—āŠē

āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠāŠ• āŠŠāŠĩિāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠĪૂāŠŸ āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠĩાāŠļ āŠĨી āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠŊેāŠēા āŠŽે āŠĶિāŠēāŠĨી ,āŠđૃāŠĶāŠŊāŠĨી āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠŊેāŠēો āŠŠુāŠē āŠ›ે āŠ•ે,āŠœેāŠĻો āŠ›ેāŠĄો āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪો āŠœ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĨી āŠļāŠŦāŠģ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĻી āŠķāŠ°ૂāŠ†āŠĪ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠļાāŠĨે āŠ–ુāŠķી, āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠļાāŠđ ,āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļāŠĻો āŠ•ંāŠŸાāŠģો, āŠŠāŠ°ેāŠķાāŠĻી āŠĻો āŠ…ંāŠĪ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે.āŠ† āŠļાāŠĨે āŠļુāŠ– āŠĶુઃāŠ–āŠĻી āŠĩાāŠĪો āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠĻે āŠŪāŠĻ āŠđāŠģāŠĩું āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļāŠĻો āŠĨાāŠ• āŠŠāŠĪāŠ°ે āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĻી āŠļ્āŠŠેāŠķ્āŠŊāŠē āŠĶāŠĩા āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠŪાāŠĢāŠļāŠĻે āŠ–ાāŠĩી āŠ—āŠŪે āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ­āŠēેāŠĻે āŠ•āŠĄāŠĩી āŠđોāŠŊ āŠāŠ• āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠ›ે. āŠ•ે āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠĨāŠŊા āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ“āŠ›ા āŠŦ્āŠ°ી āŠĨાāŠ“ āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ•ે, āŠŠāŠĪ્āŠĻીāŠĻું āŠ§્āŠŊાāŠĻ āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“āŠĻું āŠ§્āŠŊાāŠĻ āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠŽોāŠœો āŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠŪāŠœા āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ•ે, āŠāŠ•āŠŽીāŠœાāŠĻી āŠ•ેāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĩાāŠģા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠđāŠĩે āŠŪાāŠ°ી āŠ­ાāŠ·ાāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠđું āŠĪો āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠāŠ• āŠēāŠ•્āŠāŠ°ી āŠ›ે, āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠŪāŠ°ૂāŠŠી āŠ‡ંāŠ§āŠĢ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠœે āŠšાāŠēāŠĪી āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠāŠŪાં āŠļુāŠ– āŠĶુઃāŠ– āŠ°ૂāŠŠી āŠŽāŠŪ્āŠŠ āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪાં āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽāŠļ āŠ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠ°ૂāŠŠી āŠ°āŠļ્āŠĪા āŠŠāŠ° āŠšાāŠē્āŠŊા āŠœ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠ°ૂāŠŠી āŠŽāŠļāŠŪાં āŠ•્āŠŊાāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠ…āŠ•āŠļ્āŠŪાāŠĪ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠœો āŠ•ે āŠ† āŠ˜ાāŠĩ  āŠĨોāŠĄા āŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢો āŠŠૂāŠ°āŠĪો āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠ†āŠĩી āŠŽāŠļāŠŪાં āŠ•ોāŠĻે āŠļāŠŦāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠŪāŠœા āŠĻ āŠ†āŠĩે? āŠŽāŠ§ાāŠĻે āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ•ે, āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠŠાāŠļે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢું āŠĨāŠˆāŠĻે āŠŠāŠ­ું āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે, āŠđāŠ° āŠđંāŠŪેāŠķ āŠŪાāŠŸે  āŠāŠĩું āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩું āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠ† āŠŽāŠļāŠĻી āŠŪુāŠļાāŠŦāŠ°ી āŠ•āŠ°āŠœો.😊


👉Miss. Sejal Vaghani

Audio by Sejal Vaghani

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👉Miss Nilam Kapdi




āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠāŠĩી āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠŠāŠ°ા āŠ•ે āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨા āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠĶāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠĶāŠŪāŠŠāŠĪી āŠāŠ• āŠŽીāŠœા āŠĻા āŠļુāŠ– āŠĶુઃāŠ– āŠ•ે  āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĻા āŠĶāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠšāŠĄાāŠĩ āŠ‰āŠĪાāŠ° āŠŪા āŠāŠ• āŠŽીāŠœા āŠĻી āŠļાāŠĨે āŠ°āŠđે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠāŠ• āŠŽીāŠœા āŠĻા āŠļāŠđાāŠŊāŠ• āŠŽāŠĻે āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠŪ, āŠđૂંāŠŦ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠēાāŠ—āŠĢી āŠĻી āŠļાāŠĨોāŠļાāŠĨ  āŠāŠ• āŠŽીāŠœા āŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœી āŠķāŠ•..āŠēાંāŠŽી āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠĻો āŠŸૂંāŠ• āŠļાāŠ° āŠ•āŠđું āŠĪો āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠāŠ• āŠ—ાāŠĄાં āŠĻા āŠŽે āŠŠૈāŠĄાં āŠœેāŠĻા āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠ†āŠ–ુ āŠ—ાāŠĄુ āŠšાāŠēે āŠœો āŠāŠ•āŠĶ āŠŠૈંāŠĄુ āŠĻāŠŽāŠģું āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠ—ાāŠĄુ āŠļāŠŪાāŠĻāŠĪāŠ° āŠ—āŠĪિ āŠŪાં āŠļાāŠēી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠĻāŠđિ.
 āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠŪાāŠĻો āŠĪો āŠœિંāŠĶāŠ—ી āŠĻી āŠāŠ• āŠĻāŠĩી āŠķāŠ°ૂāŠ†āŠĪ, āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĻો āŠāŠ• āŠĻāŠĩો āŠŠāŠĄાāŠĩ,  āŠļુāŠ– āŠĶુઃāŠ– āŠĻા āŠļાāŠĨી, āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĻા āŠ…ંāŠĪિāŠŪ āŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢો āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠĻો āŠ…āŠĢāŠŪોāŠē āŠļāŠĨāŠĩાāŠ°ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĻા āŠŪાāŠĻો āŠĪો āŠāŠ• āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ° āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĨાāŠ•ૂāŠŸ , āŠļંāŠļાāŠ° āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠŊાāŠœાāŠģ, āŠŪāŠ—āŠœ āŠĻો āŠĶુāŠ–ાāŠĩો, āŠĩāŠ—ેāŠ°ે  āŠĩāŠ—ેāŠ°ે......āŠŽāŠļ āŠŪાāŠĻો āŠĪો āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœેāŠĩું āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĻે āŠĻા āŠŪાāŠĻો āŠĪો āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĩિāŠĻા āŠœ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĩા  āŠœેāŠĩું āŠēાāŠ—ે..


👉 Dr. Kalyani Vallath



Audio by Kylani Vallad

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👉Miss Kaushika Kapdi





 āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻāŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻુ āŠāŠ• āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ•ે āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠāŠ• āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠāŠ• āŠĻāŠĩાં āŠĻāŠĩાં āŠļંāŠŽંāŠ§ો āŠļāŠ°્āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠŠāŠđેāŠēા āŠŠāŠĪ્āŠĻી, āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠŪાāŠĪા ,āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠĶાāŠĶીāŠŪાં āŠ† āŠĶāŠ°āŠŪિāŠŊાāŠĻ āŠĪે āŠ˜āŠĢું āŠŽāŠ§ું āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠŪાં āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠœેāŠŪ āŠ•ે āŠēાāŠĄāŠĩા āŠĻી āŠ…ંāŠĶāŠ° āŠ•્āŠŊાāŠ°ેāŠ•-āŠ•્āŠŊાāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠ•ાāŠœુ ,āŠĶ્āŠ°ાāŠ•્āŠ· ,āŠŽāŠĶાāŠŪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ—ુુુāŠĻāŠĶāŠ° āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠœિંāŠĶāŠ—ીāŠŪાં āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻāŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠāŠĩું āŠ•ંāŠˆāŠ• āŠļૂāŠšāŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĻ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ°્āŠĨ āŠēાāŠ—ે , āŠ•ંāŠŸાāŠģો āŠ†āŠĩે āŠāŠ• āŠāŠ• āŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪિ āŠœોāŠˆāŠĻે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĨી āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠĻāŠĩા-āŠĻāŠĩા āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪāŠĻ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠĻāŠĩા āŠĻāŠĩા āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠļāŠĩો āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠŪ āŠ•ે āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻું āŠđāŠļāŠĩું ,āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠ°āŠĄāŠĩું, āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠĩ્āŠđાāŠē‌ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩું āŠĪેāŠĻુ āŠļાāŠļāŠ°ે āŠœāŠĩું āŠĻāŠĩા āŠĻāŠĩા āŠ†āŠŪ āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪāŠĻ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠœીંāŠĶāŠ—ી āŠ†āŠ–ી āŠ•ેāŠŪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĪીāŠĪ āŠĨāŠˆ āŠœાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠ›ેāŠē્āŠēે āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠŠāŠĄāŠĪી āŠļંāŠŽંāŠ§ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ી āŠĻિāŠ­ાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં  āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ†āŠ–ું āŠ•ેેāŠŪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĪીāŠĪ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠĻુ āŠ­ાાāŠĻ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ°āŠđેેેāŠĪુુ āŠ†āŠŪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠļ્āŠĪ āŠ°āŠđેેેāŠĩાāŠĨી āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠŽāŠđુ āŠœāŠēāŠĶી āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĪીāŠĪ āŠĨāŠˆ āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે.

Thanks you...ðŸĪ—ðŸĪ—

09 March 2020

Assignment- Cultural Studies

Assignment

Name:-Hareshwari Kapdi
Sem-2
Batch:-2019-2020
Roll no:-6
Submitted by:- Smt.S.B. Gardi Department of English MKBU
Paper:- Cultural Studies
Paper no:-8
Course:- M.A. English
Topic:- Identity

# Introduction:-

Identity can be argued to be something unique to each of us that we assume is more or less consistent (and hence the same) over time.. our identity is something we uniquely possess: it is what distinguishes us from others.
#Definition:-
  1. The set of behavioural or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable as a  member of a group.
  2.  The quality or condition of being the same as something else.
  3. The distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity; individuality.
#What is Identity:-
I'd like to propose a more holistic version of "identity". It starts at the foundation, and ends in a concept we are currently calling "Self-sovvereign Identity. "I suspect the latter name will evolve over time, but the concepts are beautiful and important.

" Identity is never solidified and always in flux. Instead of a single. Unchanging self, we might consider a 'liquid self', one more verb than noun."

-Nathan Jurgenson


Identity is who you are- it's everything that makes you,you-memories, relationships, secrets etc.
Identity is recognition & discernment-others need to confidently assess that you, and not a counterfeit
Identity is correlation management- Organisations use powerful databases to correlate pleces of our identity, with little respect to our rights to privacy and selective disclosure.
  1. Identity is who you are. We sometimes break it up into preformal identity (memories, relationships, secrets) and formal identity (documents, numbers, names-i.e. administrative identity) but it's all part of our identity. Everywhere that we intersect with the world is a bit of Identity-Discovery meets Identity-Creation . Sometimes this selfhood is called " ipseity".
  2. Identity is recognition and discernment. Identity is also about others seeing us and differentiating us from all of the other people in  their lives. The need to confidently assess that you are you, and not counterfeit.
A login and password is how we make it easy for a computer to tell people apart, while a face, voice, and a shared history is how humans naturally identity each other. The login and password was created to suit the computational regime of 1960s computers: the mere record of hundreds of names and passwords was "challenging" at the on the other hand, human beings have evolved to computational capabilities like vision, pattern recognition,  dimensionality reduction, internal representation , and shared representation of identity in social spheres. Computers are still catching up in this area, and their weaknesses are exploitable.

  1. Identity is correlation  management-  Human dignity requires that we have the right to selectively disclose parts of us as we gain trust in others. The "getting-to-know-you" phase of a relationship is not trivial, nor can it be easily shortcutted (as most OkCupid and Tinder users will tell you.
Databases often strip the right to selective disclosure away by implementing powerful correlation techniques. Perhaps your picture is on Twitter and Facebook, and suddenly Google can connect everything you've said in both places about yourself. The right to privacy and self-disclosure is an important part of identity.

#What is a person's identity ?
Identity is the qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a person (self- identity) or group (collective identity) , in Psychology. Categorising identity can be positive or destructive. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational etc.

" Unless we base our sense of identity upon the truth of who we are, it is impossible to attain true happiness"


Identity of I (poem)

Identity is not what I promise other
Identity is what I do when I am alone
Identity is what I think of others
Knowing all the hatred they've shown

Identity is what every wound reminds me
Identity is what I learn and what I pass by
Identity is what I see in the mirror

After giving my best try

Identity is what I make out of my given chance
Identity is what I accept and what I sent
No one else has control over me
Life is about me, and what I Identifiy 

  -Abhiraj Rajadhyaksha
The identity of a person is, for Cultural Studies, dependent upon the roles played by that person, the signs that designate that person. Identity is constituted through experience, and representations is a significant part of experience, Experience includes the consumption is a significant part of experience. Experience includes the consumption of signs, the making of meaning from signs and the knowledge of meaning. However, Cultural Studies believes that experience also masks the connections between different structures in society. We do not always understand that we are not in control of our lives, and that we are subject to ideological control. That is, experience often makes us believe that we are free agents, when we are in reality victims of discursive and ideological regimes that treat us as consumers alone. We do not always have the power of choice that is in itself an illustration generated through representation.

Cultural studies examines how representation function in a particular society.

The definition of identity is who you are, the way you think about yourself, the way you are viewed by the world and the characteristics that define you. An example of identity is a person's name . An example of identity are the traditional characteristics of an American.

#Reference:-
p1.
  •  "Social Identity Theory". Universiteit Twente. Retrieved 2008-05-24.

  •  Benet-Martínez, V., & Hong, Y-Y. (2014).

# Conclusion:-

In Cultural Studies the preferred term to speak about 'meanings' is 'representation' . Representation is the process of signifying, and includes the word/ sign and it's concept/ meaning. Representation presents the world in such a way that we can understand it. Representation can be an  image,a word a sound of concept. It uses these 'signs' in order to generate meaning. That is, representation is the alphabet of a Culture: the alphabet is used to make meaningful sentence. In short, it is language.

Word+ concept behind the word =meaning
Word, concept, meaning, context= representation.

Assignment-Literary criticism

Assignment
Name- Hareshwari Kapdi
Sem-2
Batch-2019-2020
Roll no-6
Submitted to- Smt.S.B. Gardi Department of English
Paper- Literary Criticism
Paper no-7
Course:- M.A. English
Topic:- Tradition and individual Talent

#Introduction:-
The essay Function of Criticism 1923, arose out of a controversy. Eliot,s essay Tradition and individual Talent was published a few year earlier in 1919. Middleton Murray challenged the opinions of Eliot in his essay Romanticism and the Tradition. The present essay is Eliot's reply to Murry. 
The first part gives in brief the opinions expressed by Eliot in the essay Tradition and Individual Talent, in the second part, he gives a resume of the views of Middleton Murry, in the third part, these views of Murry are briefly dismissed, and in the concluding. Fourth part, the poet examines the different aspects of the nature and function of criticism.

# Thomas Stearns Eliot:-

"The progress of an artist is a continual self- sacrifice, a continual extinction of personality."

-(T.S. Eliot)

Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965)
British poet
Playwright
Essayist
Publisher
Social and literary critic

One of the twentieth century's major poet.

# Essays:-

  • Traditional and Individual Talent (1919)
  • Hamlet and His Problems(1920)
  • Metaphysical Poets(1921)

#Meaning of Tradition:-

By " tradition", Eliot man's the poet's of the past as a whole. However, Eliot has used the term in a wider sense. It means more than a literary tradition. In addition, it refers to social, historical, economic and cultural factors which influence the poet.

# Main concepts of Essay:-

 The essay " Tradition and Individual Talent" was first published in " The Egoist" , " The Egoist" was a literary magazine, which is considered today as "England's Most important Modernist Periodical". This essay was later published in " The Sacred Wood", which is Eliot's first book of criticism.

# Tradition and individual Talent:-
"Tradition and individual Talent" is an essay written by poet and Literary critic T.S. Eliot. The essay was first published in The Egoist and later in Eliot's first book of criticism, " The Sacred wood" (1920). "The essay is also available in Eliot's " Selected Prose" and " Selected Essays".

  • In this essay Eliot discusses some vital problems of literature in a sustained manner. The idea of tradition is germane to both Literary creation and Literary Criticism. He challenges the notion that a poet should be traced in proportion to his originality.
  • Apart from tradition a poet is a mere phantom. He cannot be understood. He must therefore flow in the main current of Literature.
  • "Tradition" does not mean a blind or timid adherence to the success of a former generation. It involves in the first place historical sense which we may call merely indispensable to anyone who would continue to be a poet beyond his twenty fifth year.

#Relation between Tradition and Individual Talent:-

Individual talent does not cut himself away from the tradition. Tradition for Eliot is an already an existing monument and the individual can only marginally add a bit, extend a bit. According to Eliot Individual is adding a brick in the minarates. Tradition is not dead but a living thing and every new artist extends a bit in the tradition. And individual makes his/ her own place in the long history called tradition. At this time he is criticizing the Romantics because of their great deal of emphasis on individual. So Eliot was carrying a thread forward from  Matthew Arnold that no individual has sense of his own, One has to compare with the best that is available. Thus Eliot explains the interdependence of the tradition and individual talent.

" Some can absorb knowledge, the more tardy must sweat for it. Shakespeare acquire essential history from the whole British museum."

 #Three parts of this essay Tradition and Individual Talent

In English  writing we seldom speak of Tradition, though we occasionally apply its name in deploring its absence, We cannot refer to " at most, we employ the adjective in saying that the poetry of So-and-So is " traditional" or even " too traditional".Seldom, perhaps, does the word appear except in a phrase of censure. It otherwise, it is vaguely approbative, with the implication, as to the work approved, of some pleasing archaeological reconstruction. You can  hardly make the word agreeable to English ears without this comfortable reference to the reassuring science of archaeology.

Certainly the word is not likely to appear in our appreciations of living or dead writers. Every nation, every race, has not only its own creative, but it's own critical turn of  mind; and is even more oblivious of the shortcomings and limitations of its critical habits than of those of its Creative genius. We know, or think we know, from the enormous mass of critical writing that has appeared in the French language the critical method or habit of French; we only conclude that the French are " more critical" then we, and sometimes even plume ourselves a little with the fact, as if the French were the less spontaneous.  Perhaps they are; but we might remind ourselves that criticism is as inevitable as breathing, and that we should be none the worse for articulating what passes in our minds when we read a book and feel an emotion about it, for criticising our own minds in their work of criticism. One of the facts that might come to light in this process is our tendency to insist, when we praise a poet, upon those aspects of his work in which he least resembles anyone else. 

This essay is described by David Lodge as the most celebrated critical essay in the English of the 20th century. The essay is divided into three main sections: 

"Tradition and the Individual Talent" is one of the more well- known works that Eliot produced in his critic capacity.

  • The first gives us Eliot's Concept of tradition:
  • The second exemplifies his  theory of depersonalization and poetry. And in
  • The third part he concludes the debate by saying that the poet's sense of tradition  and the impersonality of poetry are complementary things.

At the outset of the essay. Eliot asserts that the word ' tradition ' is not a very favourable term with the English who generally utilize the same as a term of censure. The English do not possess an orientation  towards criticism as the French do, they praise a poet for those aspects of the work that are individualistic.

We cannot separate them from each other. Eliot says:
"There are many people who appreciate the expression of sincere emotion in verse, and there is smaller number of people who can appreciate technical excellence. But very few know when there is expression of significant emotion, emotion which has its life in the poem and not in the history of the poet."

# Definition of Criticism and It's Ends:-

Eliot's views on criticism derive from his views on art and tradition as given above. He defines criticism as, " the commentation and exposition of works of art by means of written words". Criticism can  never be an autotelic activity, because criticism is always about something. Art, as critics like Matthew Arnold point out, may have some other ends, e.g, moral, religious, Cultural, but art need not be aware of these ends, rather it performs it's function better by being indifferent to such ends. But criticism always has one and only one definite end, and that end is, "elucidation of works of art and the correction of taste. "

# Eliot's Dynamic Conception of Tradition:-

Eliot begins the essay by referring to certain views he had expressed in his earlier essay, Tradition and Individual Talent, because they are relevant to the present essay. In the earlier essay, he had pointed out that there is an intimate relation between the present and the past in the world of Literature. The entire Literature of Europe from Homer down to the present day, forms a single literary tradition, and it is in relation to this tradition that individual writers and individual works of art have their significance. This is so because the past is not dead, but lives on in the present. The past is altered by the present as much as the present is directed by the past. Past works of literature form an ideal order, but this ideal order is disturbed if ever so slightly, when a really new work of art appears. There is a readjustment of values, resulting in conformity between the old and the new Literary tradition is constantly changing and grow different from age to age.

# Literary Tradition: The Value of Conformity:-
The Literary tradition is the outside authority to which an artist in the present must own  allegiance. He must constantly surrender and sacrifice himself in order to have meaning and significance. The true artists of any time form an ideal community, and artist in the present must achieve Spence of his community. He must realise that artists of all times are united together by a common cause and common inheritance. While a second rate artist assets his individuality because his distinction lies in the difference and not in similarity with others, the true artist tries to conform. He alone can " afford to collaborate, to exchange, to contribute".

Honest criticism and sensitive should be directed upon the poetry, not upon the poet.

# Theory of Depersonalization:-
" Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry."

#Limitations of essay:-
  • Juvenile effort
  • Euro centric
  • Backward looking
  • Obsessed with order
  • Elitist
  • Conservative, orthodox
  • Anxiety of Influence- Harold Bloom

# Reference:-

  • Eliot, T.S.,The Use of poetry and the Use of Criticism", 1964 edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Preface.

  • http://nimeshdave22.blogspot.m/2016/01/tradition- and- individual-talent- by html? m= 1


# Conclusion:-
It seems that out side the Europe there was not tradition at all. He talks only about Homer means European Literary Tradition. And also not giving importance to the feminist literary tradition etc. And Harold Bloom also says it Anxiety of Influenceunder the influence of the great writer it becomes difficult to write for new poet. It harms his individual ability.






Assignment- Victorian literature

Assignment

Name:- Hareshwari Kapdi
KmSem-2
Batch- 2019-2020
Roll no:-6
Submitted to- Smt.S.B. Gardi Departmentat of English MKBU
Paper:- The Victorian literature
Paper no:-6
Course:- M.A. English
Topic:- Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning

# Introduction:-

Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning belong to the Victorian age and they occupy a prominent place as a pre-eminent poet of their age. Both the poet's apply new techniques and styles in poetry writing. But both these poets adopt their own style in their writing. Browning focuses on the psyche of his frantic characters and tries to look into deep inside of such characters in his writings. Browning tries to understand human nature, religion, and society property. He studies the innermost psychology of characters. On the other hand, Tennyson draws material from external specific realities, ideas, and objects and tries to express it through ornate language.

#Alfred Tennyson:-
Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson FRS(6 August 1809-6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets.

" The happiness of a man in this life does not consist in the absence, but in the mastery, of his passions."
  • Alfred Tennyson

#Education and publication:-
Tennyson was a student of Louth Grammar School for four year (1816-1820) and then attended Scaitcliffe School, Englefield Green and King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth. He entered Trinity College. Cambridge, in 1827, where he joined a secret  society.

In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces." Timbuktu" Reportedly," it was thought to be no slight honour for a young man of twenty to win the chancellor's gold medal" . He published his first solo collection of poems, poems Chiefly Lyrical in 1830. "Claribel" and"Mariana", which later took their place among Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume Although decried by some critics as overly sentimental, his verse soon proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge 


# Robert Browning:-
(7 May 1812-12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their Irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax.

Browning tries to understand human nature, religion, and society property. He studies the innermost psychology of characters. On the other hand, Tennyson draws material from external specific realities, ideas, and objects and tries to express it through ornate language.
Robert Browning was a poet of strange inequality and of extraordinary and fantastic methods in his composition. However much one could enjoy some of his works, one could only hope that two-thirds of them would be as promptly as possible forgotten not, however, from any moral objection to what be wrote. He was the Carlyle of poetry.
It is easy to laugh at Sir Edward's boneheaded prejudice, mastery of cliniche and preposterous attempt to reverse Ben Jonson's quip about Shakespeare ("the players have often mentioned it as an honour to Shakespeare that in  his writing he never blotted out line. My answer hath been, "would he have blotted a thousand" ). Yet sir Edward has hold of something true.
Tennyson and Robert Browning divides the age, and Tennyson is always ' the first named'  Browning resented Tennyson's priority, and friends of Tennyson, in turn resented Browning's pretensions.

                        Victorian poets
  • Elizabeth Barrett Bro. (1806-1861)
  • Robert Browning (1812-1889)
  • Alfred Tennyson (1809-1893)
  • Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)
  • Christina Rossetti (1830-1894)
  • Charles Dickens (1812)

  • # Comparison of Tennyson and Robert Browning:-

    1. Writing Manner:-

    • Tennyson:- Draws Material from external specific realities, ideas and objects.
    • Express through ornate language.
    • Simplicity in writing.

    • Browning:- Understand human nature religion and society probably.
    • Studies innermost psychology of character.
    • Obscurity in writing.
    • Careless about from.
    • Ear-Eetched resources.

    1. Nature of Expression:-

    Tennyson
    Browning
    • Tone of Expression Melancholic
    • Energetic writing
  • Important notice inducing and Endorsing particular Method
    • Systematically depicts the essence of poetry.
  • Poetry: Essentially lyrical
    • Dramatic Monologue: Half Hearted
  • Variety of Verse: Blank verse and Narrative poems, Soliloque, Monologues
    • Psychological state of Character

    1.  Choice of subject:-

    Tennyson
    Browning
    • Under the influence of Romantic revival 
    • Comely and ugly subjects
  • Chooses subjects daintily
    • Equal pleasure aim to show truth lies hidden in both Evil and Good
  • Poems reverts to the lyric or Narrative themes
    • Themes: Philosophical or religions, love, lighter human soul
  • Having Faith and keeping faith
    • Interested in abnormal people
  • Science and Religion
    • Projects himself into their mind to labor their feelings and motives

    1. Message:-

           - Tennyson :-
    • Reflects the growing order of age.
    • Individual must be suppressed
    • Self must always be subordinate.
    • Mixture of fate and fessemism.

    • Browning:-
    • Triumph of the individual will over all obstacles.
    • Sell is not subordinate.
    • Self is supreme.
    • Nothing is oriental, doubtful, pessimistic in whole range of his poetry.
          
       5.  Nature:-

    • Tennyson:-
    • Shy
    • Retiring
    • Indifferent to mention
    • Hating noise and publicity
    • Loving to be alone with Nature like Wordsworth

    • Browning
    • Sociable
    • Delighting in applause in society
    • Travel in the noise and bustle of big world.

    • Another significant difference between poems of Alfred Tennyson's and Robert Browning is in their nature of expression. 
    • Browning's writing are always energetic but in Tennison's tone of expression is generally melancholic where he tends to give touch of nostalgia. Their poetic concerns are hardly related. Browning systematically depicts the essence of a Character whereas Tennyson gives importance in inducing and endorsing a particular mood.
    • Browning in his poetry tries to realize human nature, society and religion. Whereas, Tennyson recall the conscious mind an environment through ornate language.
    • Tennyson as a source for his poetry, used many subjects from domestic conditions to observation of atmosphere. Whereas, Browning takes an immoral Character and challenges us to find out the moral excellence.
    • Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson were two main Victorian poets. They were also famous in Dramatic monologue. It is difficult to find difference between Browning and Tennyson. Their poetic concerns are quite similar. Browning logically reveals the essence of a person whereas, Tennyson induce and plays a particular mood.


    Alfred Lord Tennyson
    Robert Browning
    The Splendor Falls-1850
    Two in the Campagna-1855
    In Memoriam (To Sleep I give my powers away)-1850
    My Star-1855
    Tithonus-1860
    Love in a Life-1855
    In Memoriam, Epilogue, (O true and tried, so well and long)-1850
    Life in a Love-1855
    Break,Break, Break-1842
    Song from Paracelsus-1835
    The Hesperides-1832
    Wanting is- What ?-1883
    From"The Princess"-2014
    Song from Paracelsus-1835
    Vivien's Song-2017
    Epilogue-2017
    Marriage Morning-2016
    Now-2016


    #Reference:-

    • "Robert Browning Biography" bookrags. Com.

    • Browning, Robert,Ed, Marlin, Daniel (2004) Selected Poems Penguin.

    • Tennyson, Alfred Lord. Selected poems. London: Penguin Books,1991.

     # Concluding:-

    Tennyson and Browning are important Victorian poets, they differ in background and style. Browning is considered the more innovative of the two produce to  gotten syntax, but actually under his mellifluous and fluid surface style, Tennyson is even more radically innovative. Both Poets wrote dramay monologues. Both experimented with writing in dialcct of complex narrative structures, while Tennyson often explores classical and medieval theme sand many of Browning's best known poems are set in the Renaissance.

    Browning's poems reflect a wide range of emotional tones and Tennyson is best known for his evocation of melancholy. We just studied especially in their methods of approaching the truth, the two man are the exact opposites. Tennyson is the first artist and then the teacher, Browning' message is always the important thing and he careless, in which it is described.