Assignment- Victorian literature

Assignment

Name:- Hareshwari Kapdi

KmSem-2

Batch- 2019-2020

Roll no:-6

Submitted to- Smt.S.B. Gardi Departmentat of English MKBU

Paper:- The Victorian literature

Paper no:-6

Course:- M.A. English

Topic:- Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning

# Introduction:-

Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning belong to the Victorian age and they occupy a prominent place as a pre-eminent poet of their age. Both the poet's apply new techniques and styles in poetry writing. But both these poets adopt their own style in their writing. Browning focuses on the psyche of his frantic characters and tries to look into deep inside of such characters in his writings. Browning tries to understand human nature, religion, and society property. He studies the innermost psychology of characters. On the other hand, Tennyson draws material from external specific realities, ideas, and objects and tries to express it through ornate language.

#Alfred Tennyson:-

Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson FRS(6 August 1809-6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets.

" The happiness of a man in this life does not consist in the absence, but in the mastery, of his passions."

• Alfred Tennyson

#Education and publication:-

Tennyson was a student of Louth Grammar School for four year (1816-1820) and then attended Scaitcliffe School, Englefield Green and King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth. He entered Trinity College. Cambridge, in 1827, where he joined a secret  society.

In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces." Timbuktu" Reportedly," it was thought to be no slight honour for a young man of twenty to win the chancellor's gold medal" . He published his first solo collection of poems, poems Chiefly Lyrical in 1830. "Claribel" and"Mariana", which later took their place among Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume Although decried by some critics as overly sentimental, his verse soon proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge 

# Robert Browning:-

(7 May 1812-12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their Irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax.

Browning tries to understand human nature, religion, and society property. He studies the innermost psychology of characters. On the other hand, Tennyson draws material from external specific realities, ideas, and objects and tries to express it through ornate language.

Robert Browning was a poet of strange inequality and of extraordinary and fantastic methods in his composition. However much one could enjoy some of his works, one could only hope that two-thirds of them would be as promptly as possible forgotten not, however, from any moral objection to what be wrote. He was the Carlyle of poetry.

It is easy to laugh at Sir Edward's boneheaded prejudice, mastery of cliniche and preposterous attempt to reverse Ben Jonson's quip about Shakespeare ("the players have often mentioned it as an honour to Shakespeare that in  his writing he never blotted out line. My answer hath been, "would he have blotted a thousand" ). Yet sir Edward has hold of something true.

Tennyson and Robert Browning divides the age, and Tennyson is always ' the first named'  Browning resented Tennyson's priority, and friends of Tennyson, in turn resented Browning's pretensions.

Victorian poets

Elizabeth Barrett Bro. (1806-1861)

Robert Browning (1812-1889)

Alfred Tennyson (1809-1893)

Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)

Christina Rossetti (1830-1894)

Charles Dickens (1812)

# Comparison of Tennyson and Robert Browning:-

1. Writing Manner:-

• Tennyson:- Draws Material from external specific realities, ideas and objects.
• Express through ornate language.
• Simplicity in writing.

• Browning:- Understand human nature religion and society probably.
• Studies innermost psychology of character.
• Obscurity in writing.
• Careless about from.
• Ear-Eetched resources.
• 
  

2. Nature of Expression:-

Tennyson	Browning
Tone of Expression Melancholic	Energetic writing
Important notice inducing and Endorsing particular Method	Systematically depicts the essence of poetry.
Poetry: Essentially lyrical	Dramatic Monologue: Half Hearted
Variety of Verse: Blank verse and Narrative poems, Soliloque, Monologues	Psychological state of Character

3.  Choice of subject:-

Tennyson	Browning
Under the influence of Romantic revival	Comely and ugly subjects
Chooses subjects daintily	Equal pleasure aim to show truth lies hidden in both Evil and Good
Poems reverts to the lyric or Narrative themes	Themes: Philosophical or religions, love, lighter human soul
Having Faith and keeping faith	Interested in abnormal people
Science and Religion	Projects himself into their mind to labor their feelings and motives

4. Message:-

       - Tennyson :-

• Reflects the growing order of age.
• Individual must be suppressed
• Self must always be subordinate.
• Mixture of fate and fessemism.

• Browning:-

• Triumph of the individual will over all obstacles.
• Sell is not subordinate.
• Self is supreme.
• Nothing is oriental, doubtful, pessimistic in whole range of his poetry.

      

   5.  Nature:-

• Tennyson:-

• Shy
• Retiring
• Indifferent to mention
• Hating noise and publicity
• Loving to be alone with Nature like Wordsworth

• Browning

• Sociable

• Delighting in applause in society
• Travel in the noise and bustle of big world.

• Another significant difference between poems of Alfred Tennyson's and Robert Browning is in their nature of expression. 
• Browning's writing are always energetic but in Tennison's tone of expression is generally melancholic where he tends to give touch of nostalgia. Their poetic concerns are hardly related. Browning systematically depicts the essence of a Character whereas Tennyson gives importance in inducing and endorsing a particular mood.
• Browning in his poetry tries to realize human nature, society and religion. Whereas, Tennyson recall the conscious mind an environment through ornate language.
• Tennyson as a source for his poetry, used many subjects from domestic conditions to observation of atmosphere. Whereas, Browning takes an immoral Character and challenges us to find out the moral excellence.
• Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson were two main Victorian poets. They were also famous in Dramatic monologue. It is difficult to find difference between Browning and Tennyson. Their poetic concerns are quite similar. Browning logically reveals the essence of a person whereas, Tennyson induce and plays a particular mood.

Alfred Lord Tennyson	Robert Browning
The Splendor Falls-1850	Two in the Campagna-1855
In Memoriam (To Sleep I give my powers away)-1850	My Star-1855
Tithonus-1860	Love in a Life-1855
In Memoriam, Epilogue, (O true and tried, so well and long)-1850	Life in a Love-1855
Break,Break, Break-1842	Song from Paracelsus-1835
The Hesperides-1832	Wanting is- What ?-1883
From"The Princess"-2014	Song from Paracelsus-1835
Vivien's Song-2017	Epilogue-2017
Marriage Morning-2016	Now-2016

#Reference:-

• "Robert Browning Biography" bookrags. Com.

• Browning, Robert,Ed, Marlin, Daniel (2004) Selected Poems Penguin.

• Tennyson, Alfred Lord. Selected poems. London: Penguin Books,1991.

 # Concluding:-

Tennyson and Browning are important Victorian poets, they differ in background and style. Browning is considered the more innovative of the two produce to  gotten syntax, but actually under his mellifluous and fluid surface style, Tennyson is even more radically innovative. Both Poets wrote dramay monologues. Both experimented with writing in dialcct of complex narrative structures, while Tennyson often explores classical and medieval theme sand many of Browning's best known poems are set in the Renaissance.

Browning's poems reflect a wide range of emotional tones and Tennyson is best known for his evocation of melancholy. We just studied especially in their methods of approaching the truth, the two man are the exact opposites. Tennyson is the first artist and then the teacher, Browning' message is always the important thing and he careless, in which it is described.

Assignment- Romantic Literature

  Assignment

Name- Hareshwari Kapdi

Sem-2 

Batch-2019-2020

Roll no- 6

Submitted to- Smt.S.B. Gardi Department of English MKBU

Paper no-The Romantic Literature

Course- M.A. English

Topic-Discuss about Frankenstein novel

#     Introduction

Though Mary Shelley wrote five more novels before her death in 1851, none succeeded with the public nearly as well as Frankenstein. Only months after it appeared in the spring of 1818, Thomas Peacock could write to Percy Shelley that " It seems to be universally known and read". The theree- volume edition of year was followed in 1823 by a two- volume version, apparently to take advantage of the popularity of stage of adaptations.

" Satan has his companions fellow- devils , to admire and encourage him but I am solitary and detested."

• Mary Shelly

At the centre of Frankenstein is the Monster's own story. The "horrid thing" of Mary Shelley's dream, the "filthy mass that moved and talked, " has all the deliciously frightening appeal of the decaying creatures of horror tales.

# Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley about Frankenstein

The early nineteenth century was not good time to be a female writer- particularly if one was audacious enough to be a female novelist. Contemporary believe held that no one would be willing to read the work of a woman; the fantastic success of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein served to thoroughly disprove this theory.

Frankenstein established Shelley as a woman of letters when such a thing was believed to be a contradiction in terms; only the reputation of Madame Dr Stark surpassed Shelley's in Europe. De Stael, however, was more famous for continuing to publish her works despite the fact that the Emperor Napoleon had explicitly forbade her to do so, rather than for the quality of the works themselves.

Though Frankenstein is now customarily classified as a horror story, it is interesting to note that Shelley's contemporaries regarded it as a serious novel of ideas. It served as an illustration of many of the tenets of William Godwin's philosophy, and did more to promote his ideas than his own work ever did. The novel does not, however, subscribe to all of Godwin's precepts. It stands in explicit opposition  to the idea that man can achieve perfection- in fact, it argues that any attempt to attain perfection will ultimately end in ruin. 

Frankenstein is part of the Gothic movement in literature, a form that was only just becoming popular in England at the time of its publication, The Gothic mode was a reaction against the humanistic, rationalist literature of The Age of Reason; one might say it was ushered in by the death of Keats, the English author with whom Romanticism is perhaps most closely associated. Frankenstein might be seen as a compromise between the Gothic approach and the Romantic one: it addresses serious philosophical subjects bin a fantastical manner. Though it confronts recognizable human problems, it can hardly be said to take place in a recognizable natural world some critics have suggested that this tension between Gothic and Romantic Literary modes echoes the philosophical tension that existed between herself and her husband, the Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.

 #  Frankenstein

• Frankenstein, a text that is part Gothic novel and Philosophical it also considered an early example of scientific fiction.
• It narrated the dreadful consequences that arise after a scientist has artificially created a human being.
• The man- made Monster in this novel, inspire a similar creature in numerous American horror films.

Frankenstein novel	Frankenstein Film
Mary Shelley.	James Whale.
Published 1 January 1818.	21 November 1931.
The story of Victor Frankenstein, a young Scientist who creature a hideous sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment.	An obsessed scientist creates a living being from body parts, not realising it has a madman's brain.

# Social/ Historical context:

Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus was written by Mary Shelley; wife of the famous English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley; and published in 1818. The book is a foray into the genre of Gothic- horror fiction and one of the first of its kind. It deals with the ethical issues of advancing technology and explores man's relationship with his maker at an allegorical level.

Writing Style:-

The book is written as a series of narrative in the first person; Introduced as a series of letters from an explorer to his sister, then as a recount of Victor Frankenstein's tale. The language is representative of English typical in the 19th century. However it is quite simple and easy to understand and the prose is very free- flowing. The plot is built up masterfully and the two main  characters are remarkably well sketched.

Frankenstein Novel	Enthiran transl. Robert
Mary Shelly	S.Shankar
Main character Victor Frankenstein	Main character Dr. Vaseegaran
Created Moster	Created Chitti
Moster companion Female Monster	Chitti loves Sana

#Frankenstein Creation and Monstrosity

Stephen Bann

With essays by  Elisabeth Bronfen, crosbie Smith Ludmilla Jordanova, Louis James, Michael Fried, Michael Grant, Jasia Reinhardt, Robert Olorenshaw and Jean- Louis Schefer.

Some of the most significant currents in modern intellectual and Cultural history pass by way of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818). By choosing in her book  as a guiding theme the idea of the scientist who creates a monster, she both revives for the Romantic period the traditional link between scientific experiment and natural magic,  and makes her own contribution to the debate on the difference between ' creation' and ' production' that was flourishing among the natural scientists of her time.

Frankenstein thus signals a remarkable integration of the broad issues of contemporary science and Culture within the form of a popular fiction. In this way, it stands at the head of a productive tendency which is marked,  over the coming century, by related works like Bram Stoker's Dracula and and H.G. well's The Island of Doctor Moreau. Common to all these works is a fascination with the ethics of creation, and the phenomenon of monstrosiry, which provokes interesting questions about the place of the monster in visual culture.

# Characters charts:-

# Symbolism in Frankenstein- Chart

# Monster's name in the novel Frankenstein:-

In  Frankenstein, the monster does not have a given name. It's creator, Victor Frankenstein, however, does use a number of negative terms to describe the monster throughout the novel, including " ogre," " devil", and "thing".

There is some significance in the fact that the monster is nameless. Firstly, it reinforces the monster's status as Victor's creation . It is his property, the product of his labors while at university, and therefore viewed as a possession, not a human being.

Secondly, not giving the monster a name makes it easier for Victor to flee his monster when he realizes how terrifying and horrible he really finds it. Remember that the monster is incredibly ugly and scary. It is extremely tall, for instance, and has yellow eyes. By not giving this monster a name, Shelley also reinforces the idea that it is neither human nor animal. It is a completely new and separate entity.

• Shelley uses nature as a restorative agent for Victor Frankenstein. While he seems to be overcome with grief by the murders of his friends and family, he repeatedly shuns humanity and seeks nature for health, relaxation and to strengthen his spirits.

# The Power of Nature- Literature and Technology:-

The Power of Nature. Mary Shelley uses Frankenstein and his trials to show how detrimental defying nature can be. Frankenstein compares his drive for success to that of a hurricane. Hurricanes ultimately end in destruction, however, and therefore Shelley uses nature to symbolize destruction.

The natural imagery in " Frankenstein" is comparable to the best in  the Romantic literature. Mary Shelley paints Nature and it's divine grandeur with some rare strokes of a masterful hand. She deliberately juxtaposes the exalted vision of Mother Nature with the horrendous spectacle of a man-made monster and his ghastly deeds.

This steep contrast sets reader thinking about the wisdom of departing away from the set norms of Nature. Mary's message to mankind is loud and clear; do not mess with Nature for your own good. Humans should best live like humans. Any attempt to change the status quo can be very expensive and dangerous. If you will preserve Nature, Nature will preserve you.

The message is loud and clear; the untold secrets of Nature are best enjoyed when allowed to remain a secret.

# References:-

• Bann,  Stephen, ed. "Frankenstein":Creation and Monstrosity. London: Reaction, 1994.

• Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, 1797-1851. Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus : the 1818 Text. Oxford ; New York :Oxford University Press, 1998.

#Conclusion:-

As developed in this essay, the Frankenstein story has three levels of interest. First, it reveals a deeper kind of signification than is at first apparent. The "Other", the outside, the racially foreign,  is probably buried within the genre of Gothic horror as a whole. Secondly, while in the novel this embedded message reflects contemporary ambiguity or confusion about the racial Other, it entered popular culture at a time of shifting racial and ethnocentric attitudes, and in this context inevitably lent it's weight to the construction of sensational aspects of " race" in the popular nineteenth-century mind. Finally, the text and it's subsequent development reveal inherent linkages between race and the other evolving concepts of class and gender.

Audience and Resorption studies

Audience and resorption from Hareshwari1122

Wordsworth and Coleridge

Presentation wordsworth and coleridge from Hareshwari1122

Presentation: 6 oliver twist from Hareshwari1122

Presentation digital humanities from Hareshwari1122